Effect of Two Designs of Titanium Scaffold Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting on Compressive Modulus and Cell Attachment

Authors

1 Assistant Lecturer of Dental Biomaterials Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

2 Professor of Dental Biomaterials and Dean of Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

3 Assistant professor Dental Biomaterials Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

4 Professor of Glass Research Department National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of cubic and diamond unit cell types, with 80% porosity on mechanical behavior of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) scaffolds and cell attachment. Material and Methods: The titanium scaffold was fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and then surface modification was done by biomimetic coating. Morphological characterization of the samples was performed through SEM, EDX and XRD system before and after modification. The samples were cultured for cell attachment and then subjected to compressive loading to assess the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Results: The morphological results demonstrated that the geometric dimensions of the titanium scaffold were in good agreement with the design values. The titanium scaffold surface and pores appeared rough. The biomimetic coating of hydroxyapatite (HAp) showed ± 2.33 weight % according to EDX-data. The mechanical properties of cubic scaffold showed that the values of compressive strength were decreased, while diamond scaffold recorded a significantly higher mean value of compressive modulus (0.22±0.04GPa), in comparison to cubic unit cell scaffold (0.16 ±0.03GPa). The titanium scaffold compressive modulus was within the range of compressive modulus for human bone. Moreover, cell attachment in diamond scaffold design was more than cubic scaffold design. Conclusion: The SLM printing was successfully used to construct low modulus bone scaffolds that was mostly comparable to that of cortical and cancellous bone. Diamond titanium scaffold design enhances cell attachment leading to reduction of the premature failure of scaffold and increase its reliability. Moreover, biomimetic method provoked the formation of hydroxyapatite on the scaffold surface.

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